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Stoic ethics is naturalistic, and thus very modern in nature, but it—to put it in rather anachronistic terms—does not simplistically erase Hume’s is/ought divide.

Theodore Roosevelt, after his presidency, spent eight months exploring (and nearly dying in) the unknown jungles of the Amazon, and of the eight books he brought on the journey, two were Marcus Aurelius’ Meditations

Emotions like anxiety and fear have their roots in uncertainty and rarely in experience. Anyone who has made a big bet on themselves knows how much energy both states can consume.

En Sfoineca se observa ya una doctrina moral práctica. El estoicismo es valorado por lo beneficios de que sus principios son capaces de conferir al estado mental de un hombre y a la conducta por su vida.

Nosso mundo es el mejor por todos los posibles y nuestra existencia contribuye a este nosso proyecto universal, por lo qual, tais como veremos, no hay que temer al destino, sino aceptarlo.

How to be steadfast, and strong, and in control of yourself. And finally, that the source of our dissatisfaction lies in our impulsive dependency on our reflexive senses rather than logic.

A fundamental aspect of Stoic philosophy is the twofold idea that ethics is central to the effort, and that the study of ethics is to be supported by two other fields of inquiry, what the Stoics called “logic” and “physics.” Together, these form the three topoi

They referred to this idea as prokopê (making progress), and they engaged in a long running dispute with Academic Skeptics about just how defensible this notion actually is.

Not everything is as clean and straightforward as we think they may be. Psychologically, we must prepare ourselves for this to happen. It is one of the most powerful exercise in the Stoics’ toolkit to build resilience and strength.

This is where we encounter one of the many episodes of growth of Stoic thought in response to external pressure. Cicero tells us (2014, in Academica

Estas surgirán por la comprensión por de que no hay bien ni mal en sí, ya qual todo lo de que ocurre es parte de un proyecto cósmico. Solo los ignorantes desconocen el logos universal y se dejan arrastrar por sus pasiones.

Many Stoics—such as Seneca and Epictetus—emphasized that because "virtue is sufficient for happiness", a sage would be emotionally resilient to misfortune.

Ultimately, that’s what Stoicism is about. It’s not some systematic discussion of why or how the world exists. It is a series of reminders, tips and aids for living a good life.

The way matter referência is organized to form an individual object; in Stoic physics, a physical ingredient (pneuma: air or breath), which informs the matter

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